How is substance abuse defined?

Substance abuse is defined as the ongoing misuse of substances—such as drugs or alcohol—that leads to negative consequences on an individual’s health, social life, and overall functioning. This definition encompasses a pattern of behavior where the individual continues to engage in the use of these substances despite being aware of the harmful effects they may have. It is important to recognize that substance abuse is not limited to illegal drugs; it can also involve legal substances used inappropriately.

The focus on "ongoing misuse" highlights that substance abuse is characterized by a persistent problem rather than occasional or casual use, which would not meet the criteria for being classified as abuse. Occasional alcohol consumption, casual use of legal medications, or social drinking may not imply a pattern or degree of use that results in detrimental impacts on health or social functioning. Thus, the correct definition emphasizes the severity and continuous nature of the effects substance use can have on an individual's life.