What are the three factors an officer must consider when deciding to use deadly force?

The rationale for selecting the three factors of ability, opportunity, and intent when determining the appropriateness of using deadly force is rooted in the principles of justifiable use of lethal force in law enforcement and corrections.

Ability refers to the assailant's capacity to cause serious harm or death. An officer must assess whether the individual poses a significant threat that could lead to great bodily harm. This involves evaluating the suspect's physical capabilities, such as whether they are armed or if they have a physical advantage.

Opportunity involves the circumstances allowing the suspect to execute the intended harm. If the suspect cannot reach the officer or a victim, even if they possess the ability and intent to cause harm, the immediate threat is mitigated. Thus, evaluating the proximity and the situation is crucial.

Intent is about understanding the suspect's aim. An officer needs to ascertain whether the individual demonstrates a clear intention to inflict harm. This might be established through their actions, words, or other indicators of a willingness to engage in violence.

Together, these three factors—ability, opportunity, and intent—provide a comprehensive framework that officers must consider to assess the legitimacy of their response with deadly force, adhering to national standards and legal guidelines governing their conduct.