What constitutes passive resistance in a confrontation?

Passive resistance refers to a method of non-compliance where an individual does not actively confront or attack law enforcement officers but instead uses non-verbal tactics to resist. This can include actions like verbal refusal to comply with lawful instructions or directions given by officers.

In the context of a confrontation, passive resistance is characterized by a lack of cooperation without engaging in physical altercations. This may include adopting a stance that indicates refusal to move or comply, which can be frustrating for law enforcement officers who are trying to de-escalate a situation or effectuate an arrest.

Other actions described, such as a physical attack on an officer, evasive movements, or obstructing by anchoring to an object, reflect more aggressive forms of resistance or confrontation. These behaviors involve a direct physical element and escalation that goes beyond passive refusal, indicating a level of aggression or active resistance that distinguishes them from passive resistance.