What is the active ingredient in OC that produces heat upon contact with human tissue?

The active ingredient in OC (oleoresin capsicum), which is commonly used in pepper spray, is capsaicin. Capsaicin is a compound found in chili peppers that is responsible for their heat. When capsaicin comes into contact with human tissues, it binds to pain receptors in the skin, creating a burning sensation that leads to temporary discomfort, tearing, and even incapacitation. This is why it is effective as a deterrent for self-defense and crowd control.

Capsicum, often used interchangeably when referring to the group of plants that produce capsaicin, is not the specific chemical that creates the heat sensation. The propellant and liquid base in OC formulations serve different functions, such as delivering the active ingredient and dispersing it in spray form but do not contribute to the heat sensation caused by contact with the skin.