Which disease is most accurately described as being transmitted through airborne infection?

Tuberculosis (TB) is accurately described as being transmitted through airborne infection because it is an infectious disease caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which primarily affects the lungs. When an infected person coughs, sneezes, or speaks, they release tiny droplets containing the bacteria into the air. Other individuals can inhale these droplets and become infected. This mode of transmission highlights the importance of air quality and ventilation in controlling the spread of TB in environments such as correctional facilities or crowded living conditions.

In contrast, the other diseases listed do not primarily spread through airborne transmission. HIV, for example, is transmitted through contact with certain bodily fluids, such as blood, semen, and vaginal fluids, rather than through the air. Similarly, syphilis and chlamydia are sexually transmitted infections that spread through direct contact during sexual activity, rather than through airborne routes. Thus, tuberculosis is unique among these options for its specific airborne transmission method.