Which skills involve the movements of major muscle groups used for tasks like running and punching?

The correct answer is gross motor skills because they encompass the movements that involve the large muscles of the body. These skills are essential for performing fundamental tasks that require whole-body movements, such as running, jumping, throwing, and punching. Gross motor skills typically develop in early childhood and involve actions that require a high degree of strength and coordination. They are crucial for physical activities and sports, where movements are broad and involve multiple muscle groups working together.

The other options relate to different types of movements: complex motor skills involve more intricate and coordinated actions requiring significant precision and practice, fine motor skills are concerned with smaller muscle movements, typically involving the hands and fingers for tasks like writing or buttoning a shirt, and vasoconstriction refers to the process of blood vessels tightening, which is a physiological response rather than a movement skill. Thus, gross motor skills specifically pertain to the use of major muscle groups for dynamic physical tasks.