Which type of evidence proves a fact without requiring any inference?

Direct evidence is considered the type of evidence that proves a fact without requiring any inference or presumption. It provides clear, straightforward proof of the truth of an assertion. For example, eyewitness testimony that directly states what someone saw is a form of direct evidence; it does not necessitate any assumptions or interpretations because it is based on first-hand accounts or tangible proof (like a video recording) that directly demonstrates a fact.

In contrast, circumstantial evidence relies on an inference to connect it to a conclusion of fact. This type of evidence presents a situation that implies something but does not outright prove it, requiring the audience or jury to make logical deductions. Hearsay evidence involves statements made outside of the court that are presented to prove the truth of the matter asserted, but its reliability is often questioned. Lastly, documentary evidence refers to written or recorded materials but can vary in strength and may not always directly establish a fact without potential interpretation.